Cited
EMS Training Course
Subject: Body Modification and You: The Street Paramedics Overview
Site: EMS House of Defrance
URL: www.defrance.org
WARNING
* This presentation will discuss in detail a lifestyle different from your own, and will contain slides of a graphic and adult nature.
* The purpose of this presentation is not to shock or offend, but to educate and facilitate better patient care.
* Every effort has been made to chose slides based on their medical merit, especially those showing genitals and similar features.

Dealing with piercings can be a pain in our butt

Objectives
* Understanding of people who undergo body modification so as to better interact with them in time of crisis.
* Identify basic types of Body Modification
* Identify common medical problems with body modification
* Successfully remove piercings that interfere with pt care.


I never wanted to be different , I just wanted to be me…

Brief introduction to Body Modification and its Culture
* Reasons
o Aesthetic
o Social Acceptance
+ Rites of passage
+ Social markings
o Identification
o Rebellion
o Sexual Enhancement
o Religious Reasons
o Others
+ The Romans used their nipple rings to attach cloaks to.
+ Certain primitive tribes used piercings to mimic their prey.

Basic Types
* Tattoos
* Scarring and Branding
* Piercing
o Temporary
o Superficial
o Pocketing
o Deep
* Implants
* Incisions, amputations and other modifications

Mental Hold Issues
* There have been cases of patients being referred to mental health agencies for self mutilation
* Mainly for scarring, branding, and temporary piercing.
* The difference between self mutilation and body modification is INTENT.
* Other factors:
o Age of consent
o Desired outcome (changing sex, etc vs. body adornment)

Who can do this?
* Home Piercings are common because of a lack of safe, certified piercers to go to for the higher risk piercings.
* Legality
o Idaho
o Elsewhere
* Certifications
o Associations of Professional Piercers
o www.safepiercing.com

The Patients View
* Fear of:
o Ridicule by Medical providers
o Unnecessary removal
+ Be prepared to justify your desire to remove any jewelry
+ Fear of piercings healing closed.
* This leads to reluctance by patients to seek medical help for piercing problems.

The Piercers View
* If the pt didn’t go to a professional piercers, they would do it in their homes
* If more doctors were body art friendly, then the high risk piercings could be done safer in a clinic setting.

Piercings
“…Vanity looks best when it's wrapped in steel.”
-Rev. Vain Jayne
Church of Body Modification
www.vainjayne .com


Standard/Surface
* All shapes and sizes
* Almost any location.
* Also includes
o Coring
o Stretching
o Pocketing
o Stapling
o Suspension piercings
* Flexible surgical plastic and solid bars
* Temporary and permanent

Deep
* Often go under or through tissues and structures.
* Usually flexible connection
o Surgical Teflon

Temporary
* AKA: “Play Piercing”
* Left in for only a short time
* More about the sensation than the piercing itself
* Often (not always) associated with BDSM or similar scenes.

Temporary Piercings/Temporary Piercings-Other Examples

Stapling and Pocketing
* Easy to remove
* Not connected

What is normal after a piercing?
* Some redness, and bruising normal for up to 3 days afterward.
* Small amounts of white , clear, or off-white drainage is normal.

Understanding Bad Piercings
* Piercing Guns
o Hep B/C, etc
* Lack of sterile tech. and equipment
* Infections
* Rejection and Migration
* Scar tissue/Granulation
* Bad Locations

High Risk Piercings
* Cardiac Valve Disease
* Diabetes
* Immune suppressed
* Pregnancy
o Depending on location

Infections and Abscesses

Infections
* Some redness 1-3 days post piercing is normal
* Drainage, pus, and red streaks are not.
* 95% of infections are from improper care by the patient.

Staph
* staphylococcus aureus bacteria
* Very common in our day to day environment.
* Becomes a problem when the integrity of skin is broken
* Causes abscess, boils, infections, and other problems with piercings.
* Depending on location of piercing may cause major problems to adjacent structures.

Allergic Reactions, Rejection and Migration
* An Allergic Reaction is generally acute, localized, and follows with other problems. Some people are allergic to certain lower quality metals.
* REJECTION is a process in which the pierced skin slowly dies.
* MIGRATION is the process where the weight, or position, of the piercing causes it to slowly “Grow out”.
* Takes weeks to months
* The jewelry may slowly be pushed to the surface of the skin, and may eventually grow out completely. This process may cause some scarring.
* Bets plan is to have the jewelry moving outward, you may wish to have the jewelry removed before complete rejection takes place. This will minimize any scarring.
* Some piercings are more prone to rejection than others. Low quality jewelry, non-implant grade metals, personal metabolism, ill health, bad diet, recurring infection, drug abuse, or inappropriate jewelry sizing are other contributing factors.
* The most common cause of rejection is untreated infection or irritation; treat problems quickly to avoid scarring and possible loss of your piercing.

Rejection
Non Emergent Treatments to Use
* Consider instructing the patient to call their professional piercer.
* No dial soap.
* The universally safe treatment for all piercings with no serious complications is SALTWATER. It can act as a maintenance treatment until you can see a qualified professional piercer or doctor. It is also an excellent non-irritating backup treatment in case of allergic reaction caused by another treatment.
* If you do not know the cause of your piercing difficulties, you are advised to eliminate all other treatments, and proceed with only SALTWATER, and seek professional assistance promptly.
* SALTWATER is made by adding 1/4 to 1/2 a teaspoon of Sea Salt to one cup (250ml) of warm water. Measurements provided are exact, do not use more or less salt. Do not use table salt.
* The piercing is then soaked in the solution using a cup or other container, or by wetting the piercing using saturated gauze or cotton balls. Keep the piercing soaked in the solution for about 5 minutes, then carefully move the jewelry within the piercing. Dry thoroughly with a clean tissue or paper towel.

General Removal Guidelines
* Remove a piercing emergently when:
o Airway is compromised
+ Beware of lost pieces
o Inhibits Pt Care (Back Boards)
+ Consider alternative or creative solutions
o May get torn or compromised during pt packaging.
o Poses a hazard to EMS providers (needles)
o X-rays of area are anticipated and it cant be removed later.(Optional)
o Defibrillation of chest when chest piercings are in place.
o Otherwise leave it in when ever possible.

General Removal Guidelines
* Always try to unscrew the ball first.
* Ring opening pliers are best
o Approx. $10.00-20.00
o Stainless Steel
* Ring Cutters may rip out piercing
* Trauma shears may not get a good angle to cut

Using Ring Opening Pliers Simple and Quick
Don’t lose the Ball!

Other Methods
* Slower, but allow piercing to stay open.
* Threading an IV cath over piercing, and then through hole as piercing is removed.
* Remember, always use sterile tech. when messing with piercings!

The Ears
* Most common
* Improper piercing can cause:
o Infection
o Keliods
o Granulation/Scarring

Eye brow and Bridge Piercings, Around the Eyes, Anti-Eyebrow, Eyebrow, Eye Lid
* 25% of all Eyebrow piercings will migrate.
* Infection may migrate into orbit of eye, lachrymal glands, or sinus cavity

Nose Piercings
* Very Common
* Nostril, Septum, and Bridge are common.

Nasal Septum
* Causes problems with Nasal Airway and Nasal ETT Placement when in place.
* Repeated Peircings may develop scar tissue, posing minor placement problems
* May amplify blunt trauma forces
* May inhibit training of blood, causing airway issues
* Usually is a small diameter stylus between larger parts or is a Ring.

Naval
* Very Common
* Subject to rejection from rubbing, friction and irritation.
* 5-10% of all naval piercings will migrate.
* Increase in girth (pregnancy) may cause problems.

Oral General Info
* Relatively High Risk of Infection
* Airway Issues from:
o Abscess
o Bleeding and Soft tissue trauma
o Aspiration during removal
* Trauma from:
o Focusing blunt forces
o Erosion of tissues
o Dental damage

Uvula
* Poses complications for airway management
* Laryngoscope may tear ring
* Removal may result in Foreign Body Aspiration

Deep Oral
* High Risk piercing

Tongue
* Very Common
* Heals well
* May form white callous around piercing

Clavicle
* Poses complications for central line placement and Defib.

Nipple Rings
* Very common
* Should be removed if possible prior to cardioversion
* If cant be removed, tape in place (anecdotal advice)

Male Genitalia Piercings
* Anecdotal reports of Urethral shredding in blunt trauma.
* High risk of infection.

Female Genitalia Piercings
* Types:
o Hood
o Clitoral
o Labia
* May cause problems during childbirth.
o Obstruction of birth canal
o Tearing of soft tissue
o There are flexible items that reduce this chance
* Should be removed during active labor.
o May be replaced afterward by pt.
* Should be removed during Foley Catheter Placement.

Tattoos
* Ancient Art
* More widely accepted than piercings
* Also done in less than sterile environments, especially by minors and prisoners
* Same risks of infections apply
o HIV
o HEP B/C
* Ink problems as well.

Tattoo Infection and irritation
* Some redness is normal, it’s a dermal abrasion!
* Heat, red streaks, and puss are not normal, especially after 24-48 hours.
* Pain after 6 hours is not normal. Some very mild tenderness is OK.

Inks
* Technically falls under FDA as a cosmetic, However not currently regulated at federal level. (May change in next few years)
* The actual inks may be:
o Surface Cosmetics, not approved for injection
o Industrial grade printers ink
* Occasionally an allergic reaction may occur to the ink (rare)

Branding and Scarring
* Branding
o Tribal/Primitive
+ Fire strike
o Modern
+ Cautery Gun
* Scarring
o Skin Removal
o Tattoo Gun
o Ink Rubbing

Other Body Modifications
Ear Shaping
* Involves using an incision and sutures to reform the ear.

Implants (not THOSE type)
* Usually teflon domes or ˝ domes
* Low incident of rejection
* Risk of infection depends on piercers adherence to sterile technique

Dental Sharpening
* Prone to chipping
* May become airway problems if broken

Questions?
* Special Thanks to Nic , Professional Piercer at “Nobodies Hero”, Boise Idaho.

More info?
* www.safepiercing.com
* www.bmezine.com

Have a nice day

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